Malignancy
Poorly differentiated carcinomas or hematological malignancies
Immunostains can be helpful (EX: p63 stain for squamous cell carcinoma; CD3/CD4/CD20/CD45 for hematologic workup for lymphoma, CK7/CK20 for adenocarcinomas; S100 for melanomas or neural etc)
Amyloidosis
Amyloid presents as abundant amorphous eosinophilia material in the lamina propria- often with tissue cracking and tears secondary to tissue processing.
Helpful stains: Congo red stain (bright orangey-pink on direct light; apple-green color when polarized)
Amyloid deposition in the blood vessels can cause considerable bleeding.
Radiation
Large, bizarre cells with an overall preserved N:C ratio (still has a lot of cytoplasm)
Vasculitis
Due to any process that compromises the blood supply (See posts on vasculitides & systemic infiltrative processes such as scleroderma & amyloidosis)
Source of Histology images: Atlas of Gastrointestinal Pathology. Christina Arnold. Esophagus chapter- Acute Esophagitis